Coffee

Gourmet coffee is the latest craze, and if you have ever sipped a premium gourmet cup of Joe, then I am sure that you know why. Gourmet coffee is primarily made of Arabica coffee beans, which are the higher-quality choice in coffee beans on the market. Gourmet coffee is also often called specialty coffee, and you will find it crafted by a variety of roasters, including artisan roasters and micro-roasters.

To find out more about how gourmet coffee is made, it is important to note the roasting process. The longer that your coffee beans are roasted, the darker they will become in color. The long roasting process will also cause a higher shrink rate, meaning that it will take more of the coffee beans to make 1 pound. This does vary depending on whether or not it is a light or dark roast.

A light roast is roasted for a shorter period of time, so it will not be as dark, and it will not shrink as much. A darker roast will be roasted for a longer period of time to develop smokier and deeper flavors, so the beans will shrink more as a result. Therefore, if you have a dark roasted gourmet coffee, then it will take more coffee beans to make a pound. When gourmet coffee is roasted, it will normally shrink 20%, and a darker roast can shrink as much as 25%. Lightly roasted coffees have the potential to shrink up to 11% during the roasting process.

In truth, most specialty coffee is under roasted to cut costs in production. Gourmet coffee sales have shown that many customers do prefer fully roasted coffee, but many roasters still do under roast their coffee beans to save money in the process. When coffee is being roasted, it does have an optimum degree to which it is roasted, which will bring out the best characteristics and flavor profile for each individual coffee bean. This is the part of the process that will offer you the best taste and aroma, so it is an important aspect of roasting.

You will be able to tell if your coffee is under roasted because it will have a flat and green flavor with astringent undertones. If your coffee is over roasted, then it will taste more burnt and smoky as a result. When a specialty coffee is over roasted, it also has the detrimental effect of losing all of its unique flavors from the region that it came from. Any coffee connoisseur will be able to tell you the specific flavor characteristics of a coffee based on the region in which it was grown in, but when a gourmet coffee is over roasted, then the ashy and charcoal flavors will overpower those unique flavor characteristics so that it is difficult to set apart.

For the best tasting specialty coffee, take the time to research the roaster so that you can trust that your coffee beans will be roasted to perfection. It truly is the only way to enjoy a delicious gourmet cup of Joe!

For the widest variety of Bodum French Presses, check out Mark Ramos’ website, The Coffee Bump.

Author: Mark Ramos
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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When you walk into a coffee shop, or even if you make coffee at home, the smell of the brewing coffee is tantalizing, the clink of the cups and saucers reassuring, and then, the coffee is sitting in front of you and you are taking the first sip… There is NOTHING more disappointing than a mouthful of bitter coffee. It does not matter whether you drink French Press, Espresso-based, Filter based or Extract-based coffee: bitter coffee is a downright “slap in the face”.

And, for some reason, more often than not we seem to think that bitter is normal, that we should accept it, that we are just not “coffee-aficionado ‘ enough to appreciate that bitterness. Since we get served bitter coffee so often it MUST be the norm! People, you cannot be more wrong! Coffee, made with fresh coffee beans, roasted to a great flavor profile by a master roaster, and brewed with the right temperature of water in the right way is NEVER bitter!

And yes, ALL these things can go wrong, from roaster to cup.

The Roast:

Coffee beans can be over-roasted, to the point that the sugars, which are present in the beans, get carbonized instead of caramelized… it is one thing to roast coffee to a darker profile, but the blackened lumps I have seen in shops marked as “Italian” or “Full City ” roast will surely do a better job as pot-scourer than as the base for a good cup of coffee. A good coffee roaster knows how to preserve the flavour nuances, as well as retain the inherent sweetness of each bean variety.

The Water

Similarly, a good barista should know what temperature the beans currently int eh grinder need to get the best coffee out of them. Before a new variety is added to the range in the shop, the coffee should be tasted and tasted again, until the perfect temperature settings for that bean have been found. Naturally, if you make coffee at home you can only do so much testing and adjusting, but it pays to check if the water which comes out of your espresso machine is too hot and burns the coffee, which would result in a bitter flavor (it should be 92 degrees Celsius). If you use a filter machine, the same thing can happen, although in most filter machines it is not the water going IN the coffee which is the problem, but the hot plate UNDER the coffee… it is often way too hot and cooks the coffee like an old-fashioned coffee pot on a stove!

And, then there is “false economy”!

Of-course, coffee is expensive and you should be trying to get the most out of it, but please: that should be “the most flavour”, not “the most brownish, bitter liquid”!! When you start extracting coffee from coffee grinds, the first few millilitres of thick brown liquid have most of the flavour-oils ( and comparative very little caffeine!) As you flush the grinds out further and further, the content of flavoursome coffee oils gets less, but the bitter component remain, resulting in weak, but bitter coffee.

So, if you try to make more cups of coffee than the quantity of grinds can produce you end up with bitter coffee! If you use a French Press and choose to let the coffee sit on the grinds “to get a bit stronger”, you get the same result… the bitterness will increase. So, in short, the rules for sweet, flavorsome coffee are:

1. Fresh coffee beans
2. Properly roasted by someone who knows what he/she is doing
3. Ground to suit the extraction method
4. Extracted with the right water temperature
5. Not over-extracted
6. Kept on a hotplate only for a short time

For more information on how to improve the taste of your coffee, check out this article about coffee-crema: http://www.amazines.com/article_detail.cfm?articleid=1773843

Robert Booth owns and runs “Good Coffee at Home” ( http://goodcoffeeathome.com/ ) where you can see that making good coffee at home is very possible; it gives simple, informative descriptions of coffee styles, ways to make coffee and the various coffee making equipment currently on the market.

Author: Robert Booth
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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What would you say if your child or young teen wanted to become an official taster of coffee?

Would it be any different from becoming a wine or orange juice taster? What does it take to become an official coffee taster or “cupper”?

Cupping can be a fun occupation and a hobby. Cuppers run in families and it is not unusual for the job to pass from father to son and so on. There are female cuppers but the majority are males.

If your child or teen wants to become a cupper, they can practice at home and look for cupping events through coffee clubs or other groups. Who knows? You could have a cupper in the making right at home!

Cupping is a technique used to evaluate coffee aroma and the flavor profile of a coffee. Cupping is used to taste defective coffee or to evaluate coffee blends.

Learning how to distinguish coffees through cupping takes much practice and a love for coffee. It also requires following certain standards and habits to ensure objectivity and the ability to cup many times throughout the day as a professional cupper

Cupping takes place after the green (un-roasted) beans go through inspection before being graded for sale, especially for export. The professional cupper inspects the beans for color, shape, size, appearance, density and fragility. Next the samples are roasted. The beans are examined again for discoloration, appearance and smell.

What is a coffee cupping session like?

• Coffee cupping sessions usually start with the coffee table preparation set up with a cup for each of the 6 to 10 coffees to be sampled.
• The cupping session includes several coffees to evaluate.
• Throughout the various steps of the session, the coffees are evaluated in a consistent order.
• The setting includes a sample of the roasted coffee and a sample of the green coffee.
• These samples are covered until the coffee cupping session is completed and the aroma, fragrance and flavor profile of the coffee are documented.
• In addition, on the table, there is a cup of water at room temperature and an empty cup with the cupping spoons.
• The coffee sample preparation requires placing 2 tablespoons of freshly roasted and freshly ground coffee in an empty cup.
• The coffee is ground to a standard fineness and a weight of about 10 grams or equivalent to the weight of a nickel.
• Visual verification of roast similarity among the coffees included in each session is common practice.
• This requires placing ground samples next to each other on a black sheet of paper.

How does the cupper prepare to taste the fragrance and the aroma of the coffee?

• The cupper smells the ground coffee before water is added to evaluate the coffee fragrance.
• Next, the cupper adds hot water to each of the cups and to the cup with the cupping spoons so everything is at the same temperature.
• The cupper smells each of the cups without disturbing them and writes down observations about the coffee aroma.
• After 1 to 2 minutes, the cupper breaks the crust of the coffee using one of the preheated cupping spoons.
• The cupper puts his nose directly over the cup and pushes the coffee down.
• This is the time to get the best burst of aroma of the coffee during cupping and to write down observations.
• Next, the cupper stirs the coffee to make sure it is covered by water and to help the coffee sink to the bottom of the cup.
• Again, the cupper writes down additional observations.
• The cupper then rinses the spoon with hot water and moves on to the next sample cup until sampling all of them.

When does the cupper slurp coffee?

• When the coffee is sufficiently cool, the cupper takes sufficient coffee from a cup into the spoon and slurps the coffee to cover the entire tongue.
• Correct aspiration is important because the objective is to cover all the tongue evenly and to allow some drops to go into the throat and the nasal passages. Why? The aromatic compounds in the flavor of coffee are evident when your nose and tongue smell and taste coffee.
• The cupper writes down observations about the coffee flavor.
• Cuppers testing more than a couple of cups of coffee spit out the coffee to prevent too much caffeine which can impact the cupping ability of the professional doing this job.

Cupping is a very important step in the coffee evaluation process because it helps grade the coffee in terms of fragrance, aroma and flavor. Positive cupping marks mean higher prices for specific beans and branding opportunities for limited editions, selected varietals and other marketing qualifications.

So, ready to enjoy your next cup of coffee?

Timothy (“Tim”) S. Collins, the author, is called by those who know him “Gourmet Coffee Guy.” He is an expert in article writing who has done extensive research online and offline in his area of expertise, coffee marketing, as well as in other areas of personal and professional interest. Come visit the author’s website: http://www.ourgourmetcoffee.com

Copyright – Timothy S. Collins. All Rights Reserved Worldwide

Author: Timothy S. Collins
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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Over the years of being in the coffee industry and hanging around “coffee geeks” I’ve heard just about every form of coffee misinformation and lore known to man. I’m not exactly sure where it all originated, or why for that matter. These myths always gave me a good chuckle, but as of lately I have been encountering these imaginative illusions on a much more frequent basis. I went from having a chuckle, to being slightly annoyed, to downright frustrated. It’s time to set the record straight on some of the most commonly circulated coffee myths.

Myth: Storing your coffee in the freezer will keep it fresh.

Fact: This is absolutely false. Coffee’s big enemies are air, moisture, and time. If coffee is stored in a freezer, moisture or condensation can form on the beans, which can start the extraction process prematurely. In addition, coffee, just like baking soda can absorb odors right out of the fridge – destroying it’s natural flavor profile. (Gross!)

Regardless of what you’ve been told, coffee has a short lifespan after roasting. Once roasted, it starts going bad (the same way food does after it is cooked). In-general coffee needs to “rest” in it’s sealed air tight bag for about three to four days after roasting so it can release CO2 caused by the roasting process. Once the coffee has rested, it reaches it’s “peak” flavor profile. If it is stored at room temperature in an air tight bag it can stay at peak flavor for about a week. The older a coffee gets, the faster it goes stale and loses it’s intended flavor profile.

It is said that coffee can stay fresh in it’s original unopened air tight bag for about two months. HOWEVER, once the bag is opened and the coffee is exposed to air; it will go stale rapidly (usually in two or three days).

Myth: Espresso comes from a specific type of coffee bean.

Fact: There is no such thing as an “espresso bean”. By tradition, espresso is defined as: “A strong coffee, brewed under pressure, and served immediately to its intended consumer.” In practice, however, we use a more strict technical definition. Below is the definition created by the World Barista Competition.

“An espresso is a one ounce/30 ml liquid including crema, brewed using an appropriate and consistent amount of ground coffee at a temperature between 195-205 degrees F where the machine brewing pressure is between 8.5-9.5 atmospheres of pressure. Extraction time must be between 20-30 seconds, and the beverage should be served immediately.”

Myth: Bold (darker roasted) coffee has less caffeine than medium to lighter roasted coffee.

Fact: This one can be difficult. It really depends on how you measure the caffeine. When coffee is roasted the beans lose some water content (somewhere in the 20% range give or take a few percent). At the same time it is losing weight it is gaining size. This leads to a situation that makes this one a bit tough to explain.

Assuming all other variables are the same, if you measure by weight you actually have more caffeine in dark roast because the water loss is faster than the minimal caffeine loss during roasting. If you measure by volume you have less caffeine because the beans expand as they roast. This seems to confuse some people so let me restate the above. If you measure your coffee using a scoop you will have less caffeine per cup using dark roast coffee. If you measure your coffee by weight you will have more caffeine per cup using a dark roast. The difference one way or the other is small.

Roast magazine published an article about this a while back stating: “Popular lore has always been that the darker the roast level, the lower the caffeine content. This is not really the case, as caffeine changes very little during the roasting process. Caffeine has a very stable crystalline structure with a boiling point above 600 degrees Fahrenheit, far above roasting temperatures, which rarely exceed 470 degrees Fahrenheit. This means there is very little change to the caffeine during the roasting process.”

Myth: “Fair Trade” coffee is the only coffee grown and sold using sustainable practices.

Fact: This is a very common consumer misunderstanding. Think of fair trade as “minimum wage”. It is a benchmark that guarantees farmers no less than a minimum designated “floor price”. There are actually far better fair and sustainable prices paid to growers under “Direct Trade Certification”. Counter Culture Coffee in Durham, North Carolina paved the way with their Direct Trade Certification program that guarantees growers at least $1.60/lb. for green coffee purchases, a minimum price that exceeds the Fair Trade Certified floor price by 19%. While $1.60/lb. sets a new, higher standard for green coffee purchases, they usually pay more than this minimum price for most Direct Trade Certified coffees, not including the additional financial premiums paid for exceptional quality.

“Myth: The best coffee in America comes from the Northwest.

Fact: This is rather subjective. A number of America’s most famous coffee companies originated in the Northwest (i.e. Stumptown Coffee, Starbucks and Seattle’s Best). All of which had a giant affect on the industry and established a “Second Wave” in coffee. That said, formidable coffee cultures have risen all over the U.S. with a focus on the “Third Wave” of coffee. (“The Third Wave of Coffee is the genesis and establishment of coffee growers, coffee roasters and coffee retailers that are focused on achieving the highest form of culinary appreciation of coffee.”)

Some of the most prominent “Third Wave” coffee companies are based in Chicago, New York City, North Carolina, Oregon and California. Recently a number of new small artisanal coffee shops and roasters have been rapidly taking off in cities you wouldn’t expect. Atlanta, Austin and Dallas in particular.

Myth: “Java” is a universal name for coffee.

Fact: This is false. For some reason, virtually every food writer refers to coffee as “java” at least once in coffee related articles. Java is simply an Indonesian Island that coffee happens to grow on. Coffee that comes from this Pacific Island IS known as Java, however coffee that does not originate on this island should not be referred to as “Java”. Does this remind you of another popular beverage?

(For more on up-and-coming Third Wave coffee cultures check out this article: http://texascoffeecollege.posterous.com/dallas-fort-worth-the-next-coffee-mecca-2

To find more from Tom Vincent or to learn more about coffee education, barista training, and coffee company consulting – check out Texas Coffee College (http://www.texascoffeecollege.com) or follow Texas Coffee College on Twitter (@TXCoffeeCollege).

Author: Tom Vincent
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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